Essay on Analysis of the Women in The Picture of Dorian Gray

Analysis of the Women in The Picture of Dorian Gray Sibyl falls head over heels in love with Dorian Gray, willing to commit her life to him after only two weeks. Lady Henry hardly knows her husband, to whom she has been married for some time. Because neither woman is in a stable and comfortable situation, both eventually take drastic measures to move on. Therefore, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, both Sibyl Vane and Lady Henry are weak, flighty, and naive. The weakness of women is found in various forms throughout the text. Henry refers to women as â€Å"a decorative sex† and that â€Å"they never have anything to say, but they say it charmingly.† (Wilde 43) Nowhere is this better supported than during Lady Henry’s†¦show more content†¦Dorian Gray falls in love with a young girl named Sibyl Vane, who he describes as being â€Å"hardly seventeen years of age, with a little flower-like face, a small Greek head with plaited coils of dark brown hair, [and] eyes that were violet wells of passion.† (4 6) He does not continue on to describe her personality, just more about her features, her voice, and her acting. He gets to a point at the end of his description where he proclaims, â€Å"She is everything to me in life.† (47) Everything to Dorian must have been nothing because Sibyl plays her role well. Whatever it may be that has caused her to be flighty and naive, be it poverty, immaturity, or ignorance, that was who she was. Young Sibyl in her innocent passion, believes that Dorian â€Å"look[s] more like a prince.† (49) Rather than call him by his real name, she declares, â€Å"I must call you Prince Charming.† (49) She based this characterization on his looks, not on his being prince-like. There is no mention of him sweeping her off of her feet and rescuing her from her horrid life, until after she dubs this name upon him. Prince Charming was supposed to have been the fairy tale character who rescues princesses. Sibyl likens herself to a princess in need of the services of a young prince. Therefore, she lives the life of a child, uneducated and not too bright. The young girl speaks of Dorian to her family like he is her savior with whom she has fallen madly in love. She isShow MoreRelatedThe Balance of Dorian Grays Structure of Personality in Oscar Wildes Novel the Picture of Dorian Gray: a Study of Psychoanalysis3447 Words   |  14 PagesTHE BALANCE OF DORIAN GRAY’S STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY IN OSCAR WILDE’S NOVEL THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY: A STUDY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS Background of the study Human lives with their desire though some of their desire are failed to deliver because of the norms border. As a human, we live in a community and it is impossible to do as we please. Norms play the role as law where it limits our behavior and make the standard law points about what we can do or what we cannot do. This law usually opposesRead MoreThe English Renaissance675 Words   |  3 Pagesit combated Victorian exclusivity and embraced expression. A major direct impact of the aesthetic movement was spurred feminism. 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This brings to mind another of Achebe’s criticisms of Conrad: in Heart of Darkness â€Å"Africa is to Europe as the picture is to Dorian Gray†, a place where â€Å"physical and moral deformities are unloaded† and that â€Å"the prowling horror in his [Kurtz’s] heart would have been kept in its place† had he never ventured there (Achebe, 792). On the contrary, Conrad makes clear that Kurtz’sRead MoreRhetorical Devices3007 Words   |  13 Pagesis part of classical rhetoric and a number of rhetorical devices are worth considering in any analysis of style. For the analysis of literature a knowled ge of rhetorical devices is indispensable, since there is often a considerable density of rhetorical figures and tropes which are important generators and qualifiers of meaning and effect. This is particularly the case in poetry. Especially the analysis of the use of imagery is important for any kind of literary text. 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Most of the women in the play represent an inversion of accepted Victorian practices with regard to gender roles. Lady Bracknell usurps the role of the father in interviewing Jack, since typically this was a father’s task, and Gwendolen and Cecily take charge of their

Hr Management Free Essays

I will look into the current employment legislation that organizations are faced with in regards to recruitment, (HOC) adopts, considering how I can make appropriate recommendations to improve the process as a whole as well as keeping the process compliant with the legislation. Investigate personnel requirements and undertake a Job analysis for an identified post. The importance of recruiting the right caliber of people for an organization is essential for many reasons, decreasing staff turnover, organizational costs, morale in existing workforce and the overall added value to organizational strategy and goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Hr Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whilst I was researching which potential vacancy to use as the basis for completing this assignment, I immediately thought of a vacancy within the HER department that would be described as business critical to the HOC, the position is HER Pensions Administrator. The Requirements of the HER Pensions Administrator The post is the only resource allocated to pensions administration in the HOC, with a responsibility for compliance with legislative requirements, HEMP regulations and for compliance with the requirements of the Pensions Regulator. It is a standalone post, tit day to day responsibility for the administration of the pension agreements for over 1500 members, as well as liaising with the local Government Pension Schemes which we have inherited. They are also responsible for providing first line support to the Secretary of the Trustees, including day to day management of scofflaws, investment arrangements and liaison with the Scheme Actuary and other professional advisors. The peashooter is responsible for processing HOC Scheme joiners and leavers and is first point of contact for scheme members in relation to all ensign enquiries. They are also responsible for ensuring that all Scheme benefits (normal, retirements, Ill health retirements, death in service and other early retirements) are calculated accurately and paid in a timely manner. Taking the findings from the Job analysis and the information gathered by the different techniques used, I concluded that the reasons above explain why this specific post is business critical to the organization and that the post holder requires specific technical skills and experience needed to fulfill the entirety of the Job successfully. To investigate exactly what this post entails and to complete my Job analysis, I exercised a few different techniques to obtain the information required; Interview – I set up an informal interview with the post holder to capture a good background of the Jobs expectancies, who the main stakeholders/customers are and how stressful a job it is. This technique was the most helpful when putting together my Job Description and Personal Specification, as I was able to establish the main pinch points, as well as the most important requirements needed for this particular post. Observation – I thought shadowing the post holder would be way of attaining the Job from a practical aspect. I found this to be an particularly worthwhile technique to gain more information I require for my Job analysis, you really get a feel of the day to day tasks involved, the conversation’s you have with customers/stakeholder, the pressures of the Job and how this post fits in with the other departments within the organization. Diaries, Logs and Journals – This post requires an extremely organized proactive person, there are a number of ‘pinch’ points that are critical to the post and low chart as an example of the type of tasks involved. (Please refer to Appendix 1). Job Description for HER Pensions Administrator and Personal Specification – Please refer to Appendix 2 For the Personal Specification I chose to use a well-known system known as ‘Rogers Seven Point Plan (1970)’ as well as Hack’s competencies to outline what the ideal person for the Job would be. Personal specifications have to be prepared and used carefully. In particular, it is important to ensure that the essential or desired competencies do not lead to unlawful discrimination against potential applicants. Examine Employment legislation with regards to recruitment Evaluate current employment legislation as it affects recruitment and selection of personnel The Equality Act came into play on 1 October 2010, its main aim was to make the framework more efficient, simpler and more consistent at how employers can prevent discrimination. There have been recent changes to the act to make it much more streamlined and to strengthen the law on equality overall. The Equality Act covers the following groups of legislation * age * disability * gender reassignment * race religion or belief * sex * sexual orientation * marriage and civil partnership * pregnancy and maternity The list of groups above are now known as the ‘Protected Characteristics’ I will now chose a selection of the groups above and explain how they impact the recruitment and selection in my organization. Disability â€Å"Disability in employment terms refers to physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse affect on a person’s ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. † (CHIP Recruitment Selection) As the HOC is a public sector odd, we as a HER department or even on a wider scale, the organization as a whole has a duty of care to be as compliant with all forms of law and legislation. If we are found that we are not compliant we would have to answer to the Unions as well as the Government itself. It would also leave us open for grievances and tribunals that can destroy an organizations reputation as an employer. The HOC are members of the ‘Two Ticks’ Positive about Disabled People Scheme, this is where a disabled person is guaranteed an interview if they meet the minimum criteria for the Job. Its main aim it to stop the recruiting managers/employers using disability as a disadvantage to potential candidates. In our process we incorporate into the short- listing stage so that the recruiting managers are aware of which applicants have with a note at the bottom to advising or should I say reminding them of best practice. If they do meet the minim criteria and therefore invited to interview, we then ask the candidate if there are any reasonable adjustments we need to make to accommodate them at the interview stage so no one is disadvantaged in any way. For example, we ad a candidate who was dyslexic, met the essential criteria and invited for interview. As it was quite a high profile Job, they we required to attend an assessment day. In order to make it a fair assessment we made reasonable adjustments to give the candidate more time when reading and completing certain tasks. I do think that HOC as an employer adheres to the scheme and certainly takes it very seriously. Although, I would go a step further and suggest that we (HER) keep the copy of the highlighted form and send the recruiting manager a short-listing form without the disabled antedates highlighted (if any). That way there will be no way the recruiting manager can indirectly discriminate or think they have a duty to short-list the disabled candidates even if the criteria has not been met. Age Discrimination The Age Discrimination Act is there to protect people of all ages. When advertising as an employer we have to take age discrimination into account, we make sure we avoid words such as young and dynamic’ as this may indicate that we are looking for someone of a certain age. Even the placement of an advert needs to be Justified, if oh place an advert in a publication or website that only a certain age group look at that may be seen as indirect discrimination. Therefore, when writing Job adverts for the HOC we focus on the skills attributes needed to fulfill the Job. We use the same methodology through to the selection process, at no point to we ask the candidate their age or D. O. B or direct any question or reference to the subject. This is to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly as possible and to give every candidate equal opportunity for being selected. Pregnancy Maternity This protects women during pregnancy and throughout her Maternity and to any statutory Maternity leave she is entitled to. An employer is not allowed to discriminate against you if pregnant or on maternity leave, examples of this type of discrimination are; * For asking to take time off to attend ante-natal classes * because you are unable to do your Job during your pregnancy for health and safety reasons * because you asked to take maternity leave or you are on maternity leave. * By not giving you what you are entitled to whilst pregnant or on maternity leave If n employee feels they have been treated unfairly because of being pregnant or on maternity leave they could raise a grievance or submit a claim too tribunal. In the few years of being in the HER profession, this is a subject that crops up more often than others and can be quite a delicate matter to deal with in some instances. The HOC has gone through a number of changes in the last 5 years, and we as HER professionals need to respond to any changes with internal and external factors that affect us, but most importantly legislation. In order for us to meet the expectations of he legislation we ensure the following; * Perform a Health Safety risk assessment as soon as we are advised of the pregnancy * KIT days (Keep in Touch Days – 10 of which you are entitled to when on maternity leave). Advise and notify the and 32 weeks half pay with SMS * Flexi-time * Job protection during a restructure whilst pregnant or on maternity leave * Informs an employee of any training and development opportunities available * Full 33 holiday entitlement as well as any bank holidays added to the maternity leave To add to the situation there has been a new developments with The Children’s and implies Bill. The Bill was presented to Parliament on 4th February this year and has been selected to be will carried forward into 2014. The bill seeks to reform legislation such as; Statutory rights to leave and pay for parent’s and adopters, time off work for ante-natal care and the right to request flexible working. There are many factors that the HER team need to consider that can affect the recruitment process and how effective it is, which meaner a good planned recruitment and selection system is very important to the employment of the right people. How to cite Hr Management, Papers Hr Management Free Essays CASE ANALYSIS Case:Dependable Cleaners Time Frame:6 Months – 1 year Statement of the Problem: 1. What are the major HR problems that Marie Luna is facing in this company? 2. What performance management system should Marie adopt for her company? Describe how this system will work. We will write a custom essay sample on Hr Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. Prepare a performance evaluation form that form that she can use for her service employees. Areas of Consideration: ?The company now has a staff of 420 employees located in different areas ? There are two shifts for the service employees and supervisors, 8:00 am – 4:00 pm and 4:00 pm – 12:00 midnight. Both shifts have their similar task given. ?Mr. Luna pays men more than women since he believes that they have families to support, that women have their spouses who contribute to the family income. ?Workers seem to spend a lot of time socializing and smoking outside the building ? If Mr. Luna believes that an employee has done extraordinary job, he would give this employee a cash bonus at the end of the year. Employees still do not really understand how their performance is measured, what constitutes good performance and how the bonus is decided. Alternative Courses of Action: 1. Marie needs to provide an equal distribution of salaries based on the task given to them and the number of hours the employees rendered in a service. For example, a laundry service employees whether they are male or female, single or married, have the right to received a justified pa yment based on the service and time they provide into their company. . Marie needs to provide a business rules and regulations that could strictly be implemented to control the performance of the employees. 3. Marie must provide a fair and balanced assessment of an employee’s performance annually, semi-annually, quarterly, depending on her preferences 4. Analyze the satisfaction levels and the self-perception of productivity of employees from their business. Increase in satisfaction can lead to increase in productivity. 5. Marie must learn to communicate organizational goals and objectives, reinforce individual accountability for meeting those goals, track individual and organizational performance results. It involves of planning, coaching and reviews. Recommendation:Marie must provide fair and balanced assessment of employee’s performance and business policies. She must provide business mission, vision, goals and objectives for the succession of their business. She also needs to analyze employees satisfaction, for an increase of satisfaction may lead to increase in productivity. Conclusion: As an HR manager like Marie, she has responsibility for all of the functions that deals with the needs and activities of the organization’s people including employee’s development, employee relations, performance management, coaching, policy recommendation, salary and benefits etc. The effective Human Resources management is about the clear definition of the goal of the department, the good knowledge about the HR Roles and Responsibilities in the organization and designing the right mix of HR Jobs as the duties can be fulfilled. PLAN OF ACTION Areas of ConcernObjectivesStrategiesActivitiesPeople InvolveTime FrameBudgetIndicator 1. HR Dept / EmployeesEmployees productivityPerformance rating Performance evaluationManagement Hr Employees SupervisorQuarterlyP30,000100%Supervisors, Managers, HR 2. PoliciesManage and control resources such as people, equipments etc. Implementing Rules and Regulations in all areasProvide necessary rules and regulationHR Management Employees StaffMonthly adjustments if necessaryP10,000100% HR/ Heads 3. StaffEmployee’s Satisfaction for quota achievements made. Service rated by customers and monthly income of a specific business branchBranch Quota provided for service rendered by the group employed for such branchService employees including supervisor, laundry service employees, seamstresses Etc. MonthlyP2,000/Staff100% Area Heads/ HR 4. PayrollTo provide proper distribution of payrollSalary based on minimum wages/ tasks Provide excellentHeads, Accountant HR, All employeesMonthly adjustments if necessaryP10,000100% of accountant How to cite Hr Management, Essay examples

New Orleans jazz style of Livery Stable Blues-Samples for Students

Question: Compare the earlier New Orleans jazz style of Livery Stable Blues with the swing sounds of Fletcher Hendersons Orchestra on Hotter than Ell. Which of these performances swings more? Which one is more polyphonic? Which one has more obvious patterns of call and response? Which one has a more driving bass line? Answer: Potato Head Blueswas created by Louis Armstrong and it is believed to be one of his best creations, it was recorded by him and his band Hot Seven, while Singing in the Blueswas played by Frankie Trumbauer and his band or Orchestra.Singing in the Blues is one of the most pure form of jazz music in the decade it was one of Trumbauers brilliant composition, the tone of this composition is commanding and at the same time delicate.Singing in the Blues starts with a soft tone with clarion indicating the type of lyricism that will be followed after the clarion. Frank Trumbauer gets into his chorus, just giving a vague idea of the nest lines. He playing the C-melody saxophone, has a soothing effect on the mind. Both Trumbauner and Beiderbecke created a timeless musical piece which is relevant and loved by all in this century as well. In the Potato head Blues the texture of the song is established in the beginning of the song. Syncopation in the beginning of the song creates an inconsistency in the tunes. There is a dramatic shift in the elements of the song. The continuance of timbre in the composition through the use of trumpet captures the mind of the listeners, it is one of the brilliant pieces of Louis Armstrong. Both the compositions have their own unique lyricism, and Beiderbeckes solo has much less level of intensity than the thundering trumpet sound of Armstrong. "Livery Stable Blues" is a 12 bar blues composed in the New Orleans Style beginning with introduction of four bars, the three distinct themes, repeating each of them twice. The third theme has trombone, using the clarinetandcornetthe sounds of various barnyard animals are imitated. After repeating the three themes the composition ends with one bar, this composition is more polyphonic. On the other hand in Hotter than ell the rhythm keeps on changing with changes made in the G chord, it is based on another tune previously played by Henderson called the Yeah Man. This composition has fast tempo and riff tunes having solos using clarinet, tenor and also using trumpet, it also has a shout chorus along with call and response between brass and saxophones. This one is faster in rhythm and does not have a complicated polyphony, this song has a much more syncopated rhythm and quite a lot of swing. I Got Rhythm by Ethel Waters comprises of a more jazz type of voice, it differs from pitch of classical vocals, while Cake Walking Babies from Home by Eva Taylor comprises of a lot more defined pitch. Judging the voices it can be said that Ethel Waters has a trumpet like voice. This can be seen at the 1:55 moment of the song I Got Rhythm she performed a small scatting solo there, the growls which was evident in her voice sounded a lot like the trumpets. This similarity between her voice and that of the trumpets became more pronounced when she sang along with it. The energetic improvisational style of singing by Ethel Waters is the preferred choice, her voice is perfect for jazz music.

Most Memorable Day of My Life Essay Example

Most Memorable Day of My Life Essay Moon is an integral part of our universe. It is one of the beautiful heavenly bodies. It adds beauty and splendor to the darkness of night. The light of moon has a soothing effect. Walking in a moonlit night has its charm and beauty. It is a refreshing experience. It relieves you of all your tension and gives pleasure. Strolling in a moonlit night particularly during the summer add to the delight and pleasure. It elates the mood. Walking in a moonlit night not only delights our heart and relaxes our mood but also removes the boredom and weariness caused by the hectic schedule of the whole day.The atmosphere during the moonlit night is surcharged with calmness and quietness, particularly in the countryside which is away from the clamour and noise of city. The plants and trees and whole atmosphere bathed in the cool light of the moon present an enchanting sight. Walking in such an atmosphere really fills with joy. It elevates our spirit. It invigorates us for better thinking and ideas. We are filled with renewed energy and strength to carry on our next day task. It is indeed a thrilling and relieving experience.The entire nature robbed in a silvery shining light is so enchanting that we don’t like to go inside the house. It is so enjoying that we like to continue it for more and more time. Everything appears to be cheerful and mouthful. The sweet fragrance emitting flower, the dancing of petals in moonlit night is the soothing and cool wind and the trees whispering really render an absorbing sight. The sight in the remote countryside is all the more enjoying where there is expanse of green fields, flowers and fruits laden trees clothed in shining of moonlight serve as stress-buster.Poets have composed verses on the beauty of the moonlit night. It has a pet scene for the lover of arts including literature, artist, painter, etc. Whether walking, singing, playing, dancing or doing anything in a moonlit night has its own distinct experience. Indeed a moonlit n ight is a feast to our eyes. Punctuality Punctuality means arriving or doing things at the appointed time, neither early nor late. Punctuality is the secret of success in life. The renowned and successful men in the world are known to be punctual. They knew the value of time and utilized it in the proper way in their life.Time, like tide, waits for none, nor can it be kept in store for future use. Therefore, in order to live a meaningful life, one must make the best use of time; and the only way to make the best use of it is to be punctual. The habit of punctuality should be acquired step by step. Youth is the time of ones life to acquire this valuable habit. Once this good habit is acquired, it hardly goes away. It becomes a part and parcel of ones nature. A punctual person is cared and respected by all. The habit of punctuality adds much importance to ones personality.By using properly the tame in hand for the days work, one is able to achieve his goal in life. If a student is con scious about the value of punctuality, he should complete his home work, and prepare his lessons in due time, and then only it will be easy for him to cope with the progress of his class lessons in the school. He must get up early in the morning, take his meals in due time, and attend school punctually. For a businessman, punctuality is the soul of his business. Like a student, he is also required to move and act with the tide of time, by adjusting his programme of work with his lime in hand.He must keep his words, if he promises anything to anyone, quoting some particular time. Otherwise, he loses the faith of his customers; and that discredit amounts to loss of his goodwill in the market. By not being punctual, he loses business. An unpunctual person is not considered worthy of anything in life. He cannot be trusted with a responsible job. Thus he proves himself to be a failure in life. Punctuality, therefore, plays a very important part in ones life. A person should try to be pun ctual from his very childhood, and appraise others about the value of time, which is the key to success.CHARACTER It is truly said: â€Å"When wealth is lost, nothing is lost. When health is lost, something is lost. But when character is lost, everything is lost. † Character is everything in a man’s life. It is the total personality of man. A man without character is just a dead body that is hated by everybody. The importance of character can be realized from the fact that a student seeking admission from one school or college to another has to produce a character certificate from the former institution. A person applying for some post ust produce a character certificate from the head of the institution he last attended. Character is the sum total of all the good qualities in a man. It consists in honesty, truthful speech and dealings, dutiful- nests, diligence, and obedience to parents, teachers and elders. Sincerity, love of mankind, inner goodness and desire to do w ell to others and to be free from hatred, jealousy and malice are also part of character. To live in harmony with the people of all religions, races, castes and nations may be added to the characteristics of high character.Not to cast an evil eye on a member of the opposite sex is the essence of high moral character. Sometimes, there may be instances of loose moral character. But most often there are just rumors and guess-works which are deliberately engineered to malign a person out of jealousy or animosity. One should think twice before casting aspersions on anybody. We must accept all such rumors with a grain of salt. In any case, a man of character is bound to come out of the dark clouds as the sun appears bright in the sky.

Woodside Petroleum 2005 Company Analysis

Woodside Petroleum 2005 Company Analysis Free Online Research Papers Woodside reported a net profit after tax of $1,107.4 million for 2005 which is 3.4% lower than 2004 of $1,146 million. However, 2005’s underlying net profit after tax increased by 54.5%. This is because a significant item totalling $474.6 million reported in 2004 was from selling off the Enfield oil project (Phaceas 2006). Average oil price has increased 36.8% in 2005 compared with 2004 contributes a $552.6 million to revenue from sale of goods and higher sales volumes raised another A$98.4 million driven by strong Liquefied Natural Gas sales. This corresponds with Howarth (2006), â€Å"Woodside’s average crude oil price in 2005 was $72.88, up from $54.19 the year before†. However, these positive amounts are partially offset by the loss from appreciation of AUD against USD, increased cost of sales and total exploration and evaluation expense. As oil production costs increased from $4.27 a barrel to $6.78 a barrel (Howarth 2006). All these lead to decrease in ROE (net profit attributable to the members of Woodside Petroleum Ltd / Total Equity) from 41.4% in 2004 to 31.6% in 2005. If adjusting for significant items, it actually increases from 29.3% to 30.2%. Liquidity Current ration (Current Assets/Current Liabilities) has dropped dramatically during 2005 from 2.6 to 0.785. It is largely because of the cash outflow amounting to $564.2 million which was mainly for acquiring Houston-based Gryphon Exploration Company. According to Howarth, â€Å"Woodside plans to increase its exploration budget 40 per cent to $500 million in 2006 after spending $346.2 million in 2005 and just $239 million in 2004 (2006)†. Though notion of ‘ideal’ current ratio differs across industries, a higher ratio is normally preferred to a lower one as liquidity is of vital importance to the survival of a business (Atrill, 2000). Meanwhile, payable increased $289.4 million due to the purchase of long-lead items for the Group’s exploration and development activities and the acquisition of Gryphon payable. However, the truth behind the drop in liquidity is wealth creation for future growth. For example, the acquisition of Gryphon in September 2005 provided immediate production and access to a substantial portfolio of exploration leases and prospects in the Gulf of Mexico. Disruption to oil and gas operation caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita 2005 was covered up to 88% of pre-hurricane level by the Gryphon portfolio. The Kipper gas field in Bass Strait will cost $200 million which expected to yield $3 billion of gas and natural gas, with Woodside owned 21 per cent it. Gearing There was no new share issued during 2004 and 2005, and Woodside relied more on borrowing. Long term debts remain at the similarly level around 1000 million due to its industry characteristic. But the net gearing (Net Debt* / Equity) in 2005 has tripled in size compare with 2004 because Woodside has increased their borrowing to meet the cash need. The $729 million gained in equity contributed only a small portion to the gearing. Woodside plans to spend $10 billion in development of new projects over the next five years, and three major projects will start production this year (Howarth 2006). * Net debt=short term debt + long term debt cash Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) From 1 January 2005, financial statements prepared by Woodside are in accordance with Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) instead of Australian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (AGAAP). The adoption of AIFRS has impact the following areas: (a) Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) Under AGAAP, PRRT was treated using accrual accounting basis. Under AIFRS, Australia Accounting Standards Board (AASB) 112 extends the tax-effect accounting to encompass all taxes on income. Taxable temporary differences arise because deferred PRRT liability or asset is recognised for the differences that have accumulated between PRRT tax base and the accounting base. (b) Employee Share Plan AASB 2 require treatment of employee share plan as share-based compensation, the principal amount of the interest-free, limited-recourse loans to acquire shares are reclassified from receivables to a separate class of shareholders’ equity. Dividend paid on shares issued are retained to repay the loans, are offset against that separate class of shareholders’ equity. (c) Leases Determine whether any service contracts contain leases. All leases should be accounted in accordance with AASB 117. Woodside has identified a finance lease which needs to be reported on the balance sheet, lead capitalisation of leased assets into oil and gas properties and the lease liability recorded as interest-bearing loans and borrowings. As a result, the retained earning will reflects the replacement of lease payments expense with interest and depreciation charges. (d) Functional and Presentation Currency AASB 121 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, the Group’s functional currency is Australian dollars and US dollars. Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with a foreign currency are translated into Australian dollars at each period’s closing date and any exchange movements are recorded through a Foreign Currency Translation Reserve (FCTR). (e) Borrowing Costs Borrowing costs on qualifying assets are to be capitalise, this exclude those assets with a value of less than $50 million, all expenses relating to exploration and evaluation, and the foreign exchange differences. (f) Provision for Restoration Under AIFRS, the present value of restoration obligations to be recognised as a non-current liability and to capitalised future restoration costs. The capitalised cost is amortised over the life of the project and the provision is accreted periodically as the discounting of the liability unwinds. The unwinding of the discount is recorded as a finance cost, which leads to reduction in restoration provisions. (g) Investments Investments in equity securities were held at cost under AGAAP. AASB 139 classified investment in equity as either held for trading (unrealised gains or losses reported in the income statement) or available-for-sale (unrealised gains or losses reported in equity) and carried at fair value. The difference between the fair value of investments and historical cost leads to increase in other financial assets and retained earnings. (h) Income Tax Under AGAAP, income tax expense was calculated by reference to the accounting profit after allowing for permanent differences. Under AIFRS, temporary difference arises due to difference between the carrying value of an asset or liability and its tax base. (i) Defined Benefit Superannuation Fund Under AGAAP, cumulative actuarial gains and losses on the defined benefit section were not recognised on the balance sheet. Under AIFRS, provision for employee benefits is recognised as an asset and is measured as the difference between the present value of the employees’ accrued benefits and the net market value of the superannuation fund’s assets at that date. The impact would be increase in other assets for the surplus superannuation fund assets and to record the related gain in the income statement. (j) Embedded Derivatives AASB 139 requires the identification, recognition and measurement of derivatives embedded within contracts that a company may enter. (k) Financial Instruments AASB 132 and 139 require all financial instruments to be initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, movements in financial instruments are recorded in the income statement. (l) Hedge of Net Investments Under AGAAP, US dollar borrowing were treated as a hedge of US dollar sales revenues. However, US dollar borrowing does not meet the hedge accounting requirements under AIFRS. (m) Sale of Assets Under AIFRS the net gain or loss on sale of each class of asset is classified as other income or other expenses in the income statement. Under previous AGAAP, proceeds on sale were classified as other income and the written down value of assets disposed were disclosed as other expenses. (Woodside Concise Annual Report 2005) Reference Woodside signs $2b LNG deal, The West Australian, 2 May 2006 Atrill, Peter 2000, Accounting: an introduction, Prentice Hall, NSW Ball, Y Risk-hungry Woodside looks offshore for growth, Australian Financial Review, 16 January 2006. Ball, Y Woodside slips as junta disputes production contract, Australian Financial Review, 4 February 2006. Bell, S Woodside Petroleum Heats Up Demand for Natural Gas Fuels Jump in Australian Firms Shares, The Wall Street Journal, 3 January 2006, Dow Jones Newswires. Energy, N. W Woodside in Kansai gas deal, The Australian, 23 March 2006. Findlay, T Resource stocks take a breather, Australian Financial Review, 6 January 2006. Fitgerald, B Woodside shoots to glory as it cashes in on oil boom, The Age, 12 April 2006. RESOURCES EDITOR Howarth, I Woodside to keep pumping out profits, Australian Financial Review, 16 February 2006. aspectfinancial.com.au, 5 May 2006. woodside.com.au/Investors/Annual+Reports/2005+Annual+Report.htm, 5 May 2006. Keenan, R Japanese loyalty a big boost for Woodside, The Courier-Mail, 9 March 2006. Palepu, K.G., Healy, P.M and Bernard V.L. 2004, Business Analysis Valuation Using Financial Statements, 3rd edn, Thomson, Mason. Phaceas, J Woodside flags Sunrise start as profit tops $1 b, The West Australian, 16 February 2006 Sprague, J.A Investors cheer as share prices soar to record on back of gold, The West Australian, 10 January 2006. Research Papers on Woodside Petroleum 2005 Company AnalysisDefinition of Export QuotasThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperStandardized TestingBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

A Study of Macroeconomics in Relation to Supply and Demand

A Study of Macroeconomics in Relation to Supply and Demand Macroeconomics can be best defined as ,the part of a countries economy which is primarily concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates as well as national productivity, national income, gross domestic product (Kaplan, J. (2002). Specifically, as the topic of Macroeconomics pertains directly to both the Supply as well as Demand for Health Insurance it is especially vital to acknowledge that Macroeconomics is a phenomena which also effects our countries (United States) inflation range, price levels, rate of growth, massive changes in unemployment(Staff, I. (2016, September 07).This essay will effectively highlight the overall extent in which Macroeconomics effects both the Supply as well as overall Demand of Health Insurance within the United States, including why the Macroeconomics system is not the preferred method system to apply in relation to our nations healthcare system. Lastly, this essay will thoroughly highlight the overall effects of Americ as Inflation Rate, Price levels of Insurance/Premiums, as well as massive changes in the rate of employment as they effect both the Supply as well as Demand of Healthcare Insurance The Overall Extent to Which Macroeconomics Effects Both the Supply as well as Demand for Health Insurance When it comes to the Macroeconomics system, there can be no doubt of the sheer importance of this particular discipline however, in order to more actively explore both the massive healthcare system in relation to the Macroeconomics system as a whole, we must come to a completely absolute and rather disappointing fact! And the fact of the matter is that, despite the Macroeconomics system working well for a vast majority of our current societys needs, it still doesnt work well nor efficiently for our Nations most basic Healthcare System needs, despite having some rather noteworthy and rather specific areas of research including both the researching of Business Cycles the economic growth aspect of the discipline. At large, The demand for healthcare really sees no limit, especially if cost is not a factor for the consumer, and that is the case, of course, in most third-party payment situations (Christensen, T. (2010, October 23). As a result, prices will steadily rise overtime and without stopping! Furthermore, when it comes to taking care of sick people as well as others in need of the basic medical services, it is important to mention that, in many cases, when it comes to both the supply and demand within the field of healthcare, its almost ,if not practically impossible for healthcare workers, fellow hospital staff, the facilities Human Resource Management Departments and even fellow nurses and physicians alike to absolutely know exactly how much demand they should expect to plan for on a daily basis. Thus, rather medical professionals are in a private practice or working in the Emergency Room, issues involving both the Supply as well as Demand within the Healthcare Industry effects all med ical professionals as well as ERs, Hospital and other various medical facilities on an operative level .Unfortunately, due to the circumstances, the supply can become an issue when demand is not accurately known. In this case as well as others like it, the much needed numbers/statistics will not be present to report accurately back to governmental officials nor to state departments and other respective governmental agencies. Lastly we must take into account that, the supply of physicians and providers is not driven by normal market forces. We see a lot of increasing specialization for reasons that arent necessarily fitting with the supply-demand curve (Christensen, T. (2010, October 23). The latter reason is because, when doctors attend medical schooling, they are free to choose their chose their medical specialty. Consequently, most doctors tend to pursue the healthcare professional specialties which pay the most in salaries (financial compensation) as well as have the most benefi ts associated with them. It is because of this Freedom of Choice amongst doctors as it pertains to their preferred medical specialty that the costs for such medical treatment and consequently healthcare professional services varies by such staggering amounts Nevertheless, the latter issues also effects both the primary Doctors and their Nursing staff .members as well as those medical doctors whom chose to become specialized because, most specialized physicians get compensated more than the average traditional family practice doctors. Subsequently, due to such a drastic increase in doctor specialization the supply demand curve is highly insufficient to say the least in field of healthcare and medicine. The Overall Effects of Americas Inflation Rate, on the Supply Demand of Health Insurance By its very definition an Inflation Rate is the overall, Rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services are rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling (Financial-dictionary. (2013). This means that when an individual sees both the prices for goods (such as food water, shelter, and all store purchased items) As well as services (such as the ability to be both seen and treated by a doctor (not to mention any other service) will be effected. As briefly mentioned previously, both primary care physicians as well as their specialist Physician (Doctor) counterparts most often chose their specialty based on their potential salary and offered benefits package. This is makes perfect sense when prices for such services grow exponentially. Unfortunately when it comes to inflation, Healthcare, in addition to other vital needs, goods and services are oftentimes the first expenses to increase exponentially as inflation rates begin to rise. The increase f or medical insurance companies, including their billing and collection departments as well as volume and case load also increases leading to more work for less money (and an overall decrease in purchasing power).As reported by Forbes Magazine, additional costs are due to several different reasons, and can include but may not notably be restricted to, political decisions such as additional taxes and increased regulations which can impact health care costs (Patton, M. (2015, June 29). In addition to the amount the steadily increase in hospital/physician lawsuits, and consequently increased medical malpractice coverage. Macroeconomics- The Price Levels of Insurance/Premiums Unfortunately, since these changes are yet to be corrected by The System nor our elected representatives (politicians), as healthcare prices continue to soar and both medical insurance companies in addition to patients/clients and healthcare providers still continue to deal with the crunch. According to the November 2013 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the primary reason for the rise in health care costs between 2000 and 2011 accounting for 91%, was an increase in the price of drugs, medical devices, and hospital care (Compassphs. (2015, September 18).Nevertheless, it has also been revealed that, out of these costs that Administrative cost make up approximately, 5.6%/year, and are mainly health insurance costs, while the prices of health services is expected to increase by a massive 4.2% yearly, drugs medical devices another 4% yearly and Professional service fees for doctors to increase by 3.6% each year(Compassphs. (2015, September 18). Highly depr essing figures to look forward to as well as cope with in the near future! How Macroeconomics effects Massive Changes in the Rate of Employment As it pertains to (Macroeconomics) the Supply Demand for Health Insurance can and does effect massive changes in the overall Rate of Employment. As revealed by the Employment Policies Institute The cost of this insurance has increased by more than 59 percent since 2000, with no accompanying increase in the scale or scope of benefits (Employment Institute Policies (2017, February). Unfortunately as this happens, significant effects on both health insurance markets and labor markets, including changes in the number of jobs, hours worked per employee, wages, and compensation packages (Employment Institute Policies (2017, February) can and often do occur. As this happens, more and more individuals and their families find themselves spending more money as well as being essentially limited to which doctor practices they can see ( as per coverage). Lastly, the unemployment rates as well as the amount of Americans living without health insurance could drastically increase and cause a massiv e economic disaster as more and more employers (business owners) would be forced to lay off employees in order to save money or discontinue the standard work week so that the employer no longer has to pay for their employees health insurance coverage. A Study of Macroeconomics in Relation to Supply and Demand A Study of Macroeconomics in Relation to Supply and Demand Introduction Thesis Statement: â€Å"Macroeconomics† can be best defined as ,â€Å"the part of a countries economy which is primarily concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates as well as national productivity, national income, gross domestic product† (Kaplan, J. (2002). Specifically, as the topic of Macroeconomics pertains directly to both the â€Å"Supply as well as Demand for Health Insurance it is especially vital to acknowledge that â€Å"Macroeconomics† is a phenomena which also effects our countries (United States) â€Å"inflation range, price levels, rate of growth, massive changes in unemployment†(Staff, I. (2016, September 07).This essay will effectively highlight the overall extent in which Macroeconomics effects both the â€Å"Supply† as well as overall â€Å"Demand† of Health Insurance within the United States, including why the Macroeconomics system is not the â€Å"preferred† method system to apply in relation to our nation’s healthcare system. Lastly, this essay will thoroughly highlight the overall effects of America’s Inflation Rate, Price levels of Insurance/Premiums, as well as massive changes in the rate of employment as they effect both the â€Å"Supply† as well as â€Å"Demand† of Healthcare Insurance The Overall Extent to Which Macroeconomics Effects Both the â€Å"Supply† as well as â€Å"Demand† for Health Insurance When it comes to the Macroeconomics system, there can be no doubt of the sheer importance of this particular discipline however, in order to more actively explore both the massive healthcare system in relation to the Macroeconomics system as a whole, we must come to a completely absolute and rather disappointing fact! And the fact of the matter is that, despite the Macroeconomics system working well for a vast majority of our current society’s needs, it still doesn’t work well nor efficiently for our Nation’s most basic â€Å"Healthcare System† needs, despite having some rather noteworthy and rather â€Å"specific areas of research including both the researching of â€Å"Business Cycles† the â€Å"economic growth† aspect of the discipline. At large, â€Å"The demand for healthcare really sees no limit, especially if cost is not a factor for the consumer, and that is the case, of course, in most third-party payment situations† (Christensen, T. (2010, October 23). As a result, prices will steadily rise overtime and without stopping! Furthermore, when it comes to taking care of sick people as well as others in need of the â€Å"basic medical services†, it is important to mention that, in many cases, when it comes to both the â€Å"supply† and â€Å"demand† within the field of healthcare, it’s almost ,if not practically impossible for healthcare workers, fellow hospital staff, the facilities Human Resource Management Departments and even fellow nurses and physicians alike to absolutely know exactly how much â€Å"demand† they should expect to plan for on a daily basis. Thus, rather medical professionals are in a private practice or working in the Emergency Room, issues involving bo th the â€Å"Supply† as well as â€Å"Demand† within the Healthcare Industry effects all medical professionals as well as ER’s, Hospital and other various medical facilities on an operative level .Unfortunately, due to the circumstances, the â€Å"supply† can become an issue when â€Å"demand† is not accurately known. In this case as well as others like it, the much needed numbers/statistics will not be â€Å"present† to report accurately back to governmental officials nor to state departments and other respective governmental agencies. Lastly we must take into account that, â€Å"the supply of physicians and providers is not driven by normal market forces. We see a lot of increasing specialization for reasons that aren’t necessarily fitting with the supply-demand curve† (Christensen, T. (2010, October 23). The latter reason is because, when doctors attend medical schooling, they are free to choose their chose their medical â⠂¬Å"specialty†. Consequently, most doctors tend to pursue the healthcare professional â€Å"specialties † which pay the most in salaries (financial compensation) as well as have the most benefits associated with them. It is because of this â€Å"Freedom of Choice† amongst doctors as it pertains to their preferred medical â€Å"specialty† that the costs for such medical treatment and consequently healthcare professional services varies by such staggering amounts Nevertheless, the latter issues also effects both the primary Doctors and their Nursing staff .members as well as those medical doctors whom chose to become â€Å"specialized because, most â€Å"specialized physicians† get compensated more than the average â€Å"traditional† family practice doctors. Subsequently, due to such a drastic increase in doctor specialization the supply demand curve is highly insufficient to say the least in field of healthcare and medicine. â€Å"The Overall Effects of America’s Inflation Rate, on the Supply Demand of Health Insurance By its very definition an â€Å"Inflation Rate† is the overall, â€Å"Rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services are rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling† (Financial-dictionary. (2013). This means that when an individual sees both the prices for goods (such as food water, shelter, and all store purchased items) As well as services (such as the ability to be both seen and treated by a doctor (not to mention any other service) will be effected. As briefly mentioned previously, both primary care physicians as well as their specialist Physician (Doctor) counterparts most often chose their â€Å"specialty† based on their potential salary and offered benefits package. This is makes perfect sense when prices for such services grow exponentially. Unfortunately when it comes to inflation, Healthcare, in addition to other vital needs, goods and services are oftentimes the first expenses to increase exponentially as inf lation rates begin to rise. The increase for medical insurance companies, including their billing and collection departments as well as volume and case load also increases leading to more work for less money (and an overall decrease in purchasing power).As reported by Forbes Magazine, additional costs are due to several different reasons, and can include but may not notably be restricted to, â€Å"political decisions such as additional taxes and increased regulations which can impact health care costs† (Patton, M. (2015, June 29). In addition to the amount the steadily increase in hospital/physician lawsuits, and consequently increased medical malpractice coverage. Macroeconomics- The Price Levels of Insurance/Premiums Unfortunately, since these changes are yet to be corrected by â€Å"The System† nor our elected representatives (politicians), as healthcare prices continue to soar and both medical insurance companies in addition to patients/clients and healthcare providers still continue to deal with the crunch. â€Å"According to the November 2013 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the primary reason for the rise in health care costs between 2000 and 2011 accounting for 91%, was an increase in the price of drugs, medical devices, and hospital care† (Compassphs. (2015, September 18).Nevertheless, it has also been revealed that, out of these costs that Administrative cost make up approximately, â€Å"5.6%/year, and are mainly health insurance costs, while the prices of health services is expected to increase by a massive 4.2% yearly, drugs medical devices another 4% yearly and Professional service fees for doctors to increase by 3.6% each year†(Com passphs. (2015, September 18). Highly depressing figures to look forward to as well as â€Å"cope with† in the near future! How Macroeconomics effects Massive Changes in the Rate of Employment As it pertains to (Macroeconomics) the â€Å"Supply Demand for Health Insurance can and does effect massive changes in the overall Rate of Employment. As revealed by the â€Å"Employment Policies Institute† â€Å"The cost of this insurance has increased by more than 59 percent since 2000, with no accompanying increase in the scale or scope of benefits† (Employment Institute Policies (2017, February). Unfortunately as this happens, â€Å"significant effects on both health insurance markets and labor markets, including changes in the number of jobs, hours worked per employee, wages, and compensation packages† (Employment Institute Policies (2017, February) can and often do occur. As this happens, more and more individuals and their families find themselves spending more money as well as being essentially limited to which doctor practices they can see ( as per coverage). Lastly, the â€Å"unemployment rates† as well as the amount of Americans living without health insurance could drastically increase and cause a massive economic disaster as more and more employers (business owners) would be forced to â€Å"lay off† employees in order to save money or discontinue the standard work week so that the employer no longer has to pay for their employee’s â€Å"health insurance coverage†.

Marketing question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing question - Essay Example This is because customers could prefer buying commodities from his premises which could intern increase his sales volumes and returns revenue. The Wallmarts everyday pricing strategy was reported to be a successful pricing strategy and was adopted by numerous businesses in the United States. The strategy was applied by most business to consumer /goods such as tooth paste, toilet papers to mention just but a few of the products (Matthews, pp.1-2). Wallmarts everyday pricing strategy has been reported to have some disadvantage. Among that disadvantage include; low product quality perception. This means that customers may perceive that cheaper goods may mean low quality goods. Further, price reduction by Wallmarts could mean that sometimes the company may be forced to sell goods and services at a loss in order to remain competitive in the market. It has been discovered that Wallmarts everyday low pricing strategy may detriment its operations (Soderquist, p.211). This means that this strategy reduces Wallmarts profit margin. Therefore, instead of concentrating on everyday low pricing strategy Wallmarts should employ other marketing strategies such as segmentation, distribution and market expansion strategies to remain competitive (Cheng, paras.

China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

China - Essay Example In regard to records written about foot binding in China, the first records belong to the Han dynasty. Later records on the practice are believed to have emerged a millennium later during the Song dynasty. Chen however asserts that â€Å"though popularized in the Song, legends traced foot binding back to the Shang dynasty† (14). The Shang dynasty succeeded the Xia dynasty, which is usually associated with the beginning of civilization in China. It is however not clear when the Xia dynasty came to power. The elites who ruled China during the Shang dynasty are believed to have been descendants of the Neolithic peoples of China. Among the myths formulated about foot binding in China, one of them originated from the Shang dynasty. In regard to myths on why foot binding became a national obsession in China, Robertson points out that â€Å"one legend attributed its origin to the Shang Dynasty (1700-1027 BC) that one of the daughters of the Emperor was born with a club foot and he decreed that the Court ladies should have their feet bound to reduce their size† (15). Although myths had it that women had their feet bound to be able to perform the lotus dance well, this was not the real reason behind the practice. The real reason behind the practice was to satisfy the male obsession of getting sexually aroused by a woman who swayed her hips well. According to Robertson, â€Å"the feet were bound to deliberately deform them into the shape of a ball so the woman had no choice but to sway on the deformed ball shape feet† (15). Foot binding reduced the size of the foot to only 4 inches (Robertson 15). During bedtime, the deformed feet were covered using special slippers. The erotic arousal that the bound feet gave to the men was similar to that brought about by the breasts. When foot binding began, it was only practiced by the rich families and the elite in the Chinese society

Positive functions for society Essay Example for Free

Positive functions for society Essay The family was once described as a social group that shared common residence, consisted of at least two adults of each sex that maintained a socially approved sexual relationship and had one or more children, their own or adopted. This is a nuclear family, described by George Murdoch to be a universal family type. Although it is correct to say that nuclear families reside universally, family types now vary from single-parent families to gay headed families. Despite the variety, they contribute to the society, in ways that can be positive and negative too. Many sociologists differ in their views as to whether the family is positive to the society or not- functionalists believe that the family has positive functions that contribute positively to the society but it has to be said that functionalists tend to ignore negative aspects of the family such as the dark side, which consists of all that makes the family a negative experience for its members. Nevertheless there are sociologists that focus on only the negative aspects, such as, radical psychiatrists, radical feminists and Marxists. The new right theory has faith that family is a positive function of the society, however new rights only refer to nuclear families, as they believe that any other family type is inferior. Functionalism is a consensus theory which looks at society positively. Functionalists often make an organic analogy, as a human body is maintained by the functions of each part of a body, keeping it alive and healthy, similarly, and society is kept going by its institutions- family being one of the institutions which function to sustain the well-being of society. It is recognised by functionalists that families change themselves over time for the sake of adapting to society, an exemplar would be leading functionalist Emile Durkheim who strongly believed that family was the most important institution of society. Durkheim believed that family positively functioned for both individuals and society. The family, he believed, is the institution that offers its members emotional support, stability and gives them their identity as primary socialisers, and to an extent, teaches them how they should act toward the rest of society. Thus he proves that they perform a positive function to society too, as they provide fundamental social order and stability, which helps to prevent the society from becoming disordered. Talcott Parsons was a functionalist who analysed the families  from a modern perspective and came to a conclusion that although families have less functions, as they are provided with help from outside agencies, they still perform two important functions which determine the actions within a society. These two functions focus on individuals- the first being the socialisation of children primarily, into the responsible, committed individuals that society can benefit from and the second is the stabilisation of adult personalities, as he stated that it was family who help ease away tensions of the modern world, particularly for male workers. He also believed that these functions were best found in nuclear families, where the clear sexual division in labour enabled wives to partake an expressive role while men held an instrumental role. However, there are functionalists like Fletcher who believe that family has not decreased their functions, he explains how the family do not just perform the apparent obvious functions of primary socialisation, social control and reproduction but they also play a role in providing basic education and support through school life and they still have an economic function because they provide support to their non-working members, whether they are un-fit to work, ill or unemployed and ultimately, family supplies the whole economy with workers. The functionalism theory sheds light on the positive aspects of family life which all contribute to the society positively. Each functionalist has consistently mentioned a vital performance that families partake- the primary socialisation of children. During this stage a child learns about his/her culture and is most likely to be taught the norms and values of their society. Primary socialisation is a vital performance which is done by the family, as a child is expected to have acknowledgement of the norms and values in order to adjust with the society they live in. Although the functionalist theory does not look at the negative aspects of the family there are others that do. It can only be assumed that the functionalist view was patriarchal- the belief that men are dominate. This assumption is only representative of Parson as he introduced the warm bath theory, whereby he suggested that it was men that had a hard day at work and their wives (women) stayed at home and made them feel better when the husbands came home. Radical feminists are those who focus on this discrimination and have firm belief that the world is wrongly dominated by  men. They believe that patriarchal ideology gives women a perception that motherhood is their natural role whereas it actually keeps women subservient to men. They express how women have at least a dual role but most have a triple burden which consists of the roles of a paid worker, a mother and a housewife. The Marxist theory characterises the society as being one that exploits and subordinates the working cl ass. They argue that the family only benefits capitalists as they produce the working class, teach their children to accept capitalist values when primarily socialising them, which are to hard work, accepting and respecting authority, and it is the family that makes their members feel that capitalism is the norm. Radical psychiatrists on the other hand, argue that the family as a whole is a deception. Clinical evidence proves that families suffer exploitation, oppression and a negative experience. The modern family is so independent that it leads to emotional stress between the members. They disagree with functionalists and say that families actually spend too much time trying to please others by doing what they are expected to do, which prevents them from having autonomy. Thus if someone did something wrong it would lead to shame, guilt and repression. This leads to the dark side to a family which includes abuse to children and domestic violence to both men and women. Child abuse consists of, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. A CPS report showed that five to six children died each day in 2001 due to child abuse or neglect. Approximately 84% of the children were abused by their parents and mothers alone were responsible for 47% of the neglect and 32% of the abuse. Domestic violence is also increasing the UKs crime rate and accounts for a quarter of the murders in the UK. Domestic violence is all the violence that occurs between partners. Not only does it account for physical violence but sexual and emotional abuse too. Although it is considered a crime against women because they are twice as likely to be threatened and injured, men are also violated against- a study conducted at the Leicester Infirmary in 1992 concluded that equal numbers of men and women were being assaulted at home and that men received more serious injuries, losing consciousness more often than women. It may be so that the family as individuals may be affected more if they suffer these negative experiences however, it may also affect the society because ones participation to society will become effortless regardless of the way they contribute, for examples if they are a student,  they will not work hard, if they are a worker, they will be less. Nevertheless there are 400 refuges around the UK and any help lines to support those that are suffering. There are different views of the family that that highlight how they function in society and towards individuals. Functionalism is the main theory that promotes the positive aspects of a family and reflects the positive contributions a family makes towards society by performing essential functions such as reproduction, primary socialisation and social control. There are also many theories that focus on the negative aspects of the family- the things that make family a bad function of society. However, it has to be said that all the theorys are correct if read from the perspective that they are written in. Thus, although the family does have a dark side and may not comply with all theorists, such as radical psychiatrists and radical feminists, they still manage to uphold the main functions, that is to reproduce, socialise with individuals and support their family members.

Physics of Paper Airplanes :: Physics Science Planes Plane Airplane

Paper Airplanes, flight at its simplest for humans. As kids, we learned how to build paper airplanes and send them soaring into the sky. We didn't stop to think about why the airplanes where able to fly after the initial thrust we gave them or how they were able to glide for so long afterwards. Ignorance was bliss then, but now we strive to understand how things work. Looking back to the childhood past time of flying paper airplanes, I will try to explain some of the parts that make paper airplanes fly. First off, it should be stated that there are many different designs of paper airplanes and that different designs could affect the physics applied to it. If one paper airplane used a second set of wings or had a tail like a real airplane, those items would have more physics applied to them like extra drag. Up, Up and Away! So your paper airplane takes to the air and glides gentely to the ground but you still don't understand how it is able to glide. Your paper airplane uses lift to carry it through the air and to its landing area. Now you are interested and want to know how lift works. The lift for your paper airplane doesn't work quite the same as a real airplane but understanding how an airplane maintains lift is useful. Now something important to remember is that lift can only happen when in the pressense of a moving fluid and that air has fluid properties. The basic concepts of lift for an airplane is seen. The air that is flowing splits to move around a wing. The air that that moves over the wing speeds up creating lower pressure which means that the higher pressure from the air moving slower under the wing pushes up trying to equalize the pressure. The lift generated can be affected by the angle at which the wing is moving into the flowing air. The more surface area of the wing resisting against the flow of air can either generate lift or make the plane dive. This can be easily simulated in everday life. Next time you are riding in a car with someone stick your hand out the window. Have your fingers pointing in the direction of the motion of the vehicle. Now move your hand up and down slightly. You can feel the lift and drag that your hand creates.

Ensuring children and young people’s safety Essay

Ensuring children and young people’s safety and welfare in the work setting is an essential part of safeguarding. While children are at school, practitioners act in ‘loco parentis’ while their parents are away. As part of their legal and professional obligations, practitioners hold positions of trust and a duty of care to the children in their school, and therefore should always act in their best interests and ensure their safety – the welfare of the child is paramount (Children Act 1989). The Children Act 2004 came in with the Every Child Matters (ECM) guidelines and greatly impacted the way schools look at the care and welfare of pupils. Children and young people should be helped to learn and thrive and be given the opportunity to achieve the five basic outcomes: be healthy; stay safe; enjoy and achieve; make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being. Children are vulnerable and depending on their age and level of development, do not see danger or recognise risks. They do not know when or how to look after themselves and need adults to protect them and ensure their safety, whilst encouraging their independence in an age appropriate manner. All organisations that employ staff or volunteers to work with children need to use a safer recruitment practice. In March 2005, following the Soham murders and the subsequent Bichard Inquiry, the DCSF – Department for Children, Schools and Families – (previously the DES and the DoH) proposed that Recommendation 19 of the Bichard Inquiry should be carried out: ‘new arrangements should be introduced requiring those who wish to work with children, or vulnerable adults, to be registered. The register would confirm that there is no known reason why an individual should not work with these clients.’ As a result, the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 was passed, providing the legislative framework for the new Vetting and Barring scheme. This Act established the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) to make decisions about who should be allowed to work with children, the elderly and other vulnerable adults and to maintain lists of those who are barred. Under the Act, it is an offence for an employer to employ a barred person in a role with children. It is also an offence for a barred person to apply for  such a role. Employers must also advise the ISA if an individual harms a child whilst working for them. The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 merged the ISA with the CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) to form the DBS (Disclosure and Barring Services). It also differentiated between supervised and unsupervised activities. Schools should have policies and procedures for safer recruitment practice, which should be applied at every stage in the recruitment process, from advertising, references and pre-interview checks, to the selection of candidates, interviewing process and the offer of appointment. As part of the process, every adult wanting to work with children or vulnerable adults must have a DBS (Disclosure and Barring Services) check. There are three levels of DBS disclosure: -Basic disclosure: details relevant information about the individual, together with any convictions (spent or in force), cautions or warnings that the individual has received. -Enhanced disclosure: includes the same as the basic disclosure, plus any additional relevant information held by the police. -Enhanced disclosure with Barred List Check. Schools must also ensure that any adults (including cleaners and caretakers) or volunteers in the workplace do not have unsupervised access to children unless they have been DBS checked. Schools need to ensure that they provide children and young people with a happy safe environment to learn and develop, with trusted and supportive adults. Practitioners need to actively promote the well-being and welfare of every child. This includes providing a wide range of activities to promote development through play as well as formal learning. These activities should include age appropriate toys and games that meet the Toy (Safety) Regulations 1995 and are in a good state of repair. Practitioners should check for Kitemarks and CE markings. Kitemarks are symbols that show products have been tested and meet the British Standard Institute requirements. CE markings show that products meet European standards as set out by the European Community. Children also need to communicate and socialise with their peers, children from other age groups and other adults. They need to feel safe and secure in their environment so that they feel able to speak to adults about any concerns they may have, or to ask questions and seek help without fear of embarrassment. They need good role models who can help them extend their decision making skills and develop independence appropriate to their age and development level. Practitioners have a further responsibility to provide additional support to children who may have special educational needs. This may be through individual sessions within the school, liaison with external services such as educational psychologists or through the CAF (Common Assessment Framework) process. The CAF process was developed to gather and assess information in relation to a child’s needs in development, parenting and the family environment. It is a service that should be offered to children (and their families) whose additional needs are not being met through universal services within the school. Practitioners also need to protect any children who may be at risk of significant harm because of their home life and personal circumstances. There are a number of policies and procedures that should be in place in schools to ensure children and young people’s protection and safety: †¢Working in an open and transparent way – adults should make sure that another member of staff is always aware of where they are working, especially if they are alone in a room with a child, there should always be visual access or the door should remain open. †¢Duty of care – adults should always act in the best interests of the child and ensure their safety – the welfare of the child is paramount (Children Act 1989). †¢Whistleblowing – staff should understand their responsibilities to raise concerns of malpractice. Staff will be deemed to be failing in their duty to safeguard children if they do not act. †¢Listening to children – adults relationships with children should always be professional, caring and respectful. Children need to feel valued and listened to. †¢Power and positions of trust – adults working with children hold positions of trust due to their access to the children in their care, and relationships between pupils and staff will  always have an unequal balance of power – these positions should never be abused. †¢Behaviour – teachers should behave in such a way as to safeguard children’s well-being and maintain public trust in the teaching profession. †¢Physical contact – staff should ensure that any contact with children is entirely professionally appropriate. †¢Off-site visits – staff must take particular care to ensure that clear boundaries are maintained and full risk assessments must be carried out prior to a visit. †¢Recording of images – there must be age-appropriate consent from the person or their parents or carers. †¢Intimate personal care – all children have a right to safety, privacy and dignity when intimate care is required. †¢Sharing concerns and information – highly confidential information about children and their families should only ever be shared on a need to know basis, and anonymously wherever possible. †¢Security – school premises should be made secure with fencing, gates and locking doors with secure access codes to prevent unwelcome visitors and to stop children from leaving the premises unaccompanied. There should be clear locking and unlocking procedures and stringent rules for visitor access to the buildings. Contractors should be LA approved or selected using safe selection procedures and should have carried out appropriate risk assessments in advance. They should be given information to enable them to follow the school’s safety procedures. The three main areas that address the protection of children from harm in the work setting are: child protection; health and safety, and risk assessments. †¢Child protection. It is the responsibility of all adults in the setting to actively safeguard children and young people and to prevent abuse or neglect. The setting should detail how the policies and procedures should work on a daily basis and outline current legislation in this area (see Task A). The policy should describe the responsibilities of the setting as well as those of individuals. It should include a summary of the possible signs of abuse or neglect for staff to refer to (see Task D1). Staff are required to respond to any concerns in an appropriate and timely manner. There should be clear guidelines on how staff should proceed when there are concerns, or  allegations have been made, including the role of the designated CPO (Child Protection Officer) (see Task D2). Staff should also be made aware of the procedures if the allegation concerns another member of staff or the head teacher (see Section 2 below). The policy should detail external services that may be required, including names and telephone numbers etc. There should be specific guidance about how to behave if a child or young person makes an allegation of abuse. The policy should detail other procedures and policies that support staff responsibilities in this area, such as the behaviour and anti-bullying policies (see Task E) and the whistleblowing policy (see Section 3 below). †¢Health and Safety. Schools are legally required to have a Health and Safety policy to ensure that there is a plan for how health and safety is managed in the setting and that all staff are aware of all their responsibilities. This policy should be read and implemented by all staff and it should form part of the induction process for new members of staff. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 were designed to protect everyone at work. The employer in a school must take reasonable steps to ensure that staff and pupils are not exposed to risks to their health and safety. This applies to activities on or off school premises. The employer is required to carry out regular reviews of the school, its premises and activities. There should be a designated health and safety representative at every setting who is responsible for the reviews and any subsequent action. The reviews should involve regular walks around the school as well as safety checks on equipment. All electrical items should be checked annually by a qualified electrician. Fire extinguishers should also be checked annually. Staff should ensure that they use any safety equipment provided and store it safely. All materials and equipment used in schools should meet recognised safety standards. Practitioners should check for Kitemarks and CE markings. Kitemarks are symbols that show products have been tested and meet the British Standard Institute requirements. CE markings show that products meet European standards as set out by the European Community. The Workplace, (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 deal with physical conditions in the  workplace and require employers to meet minimum standards in relation to a wide range of issues, including: maintenance of buildings and equipment; lighting; provision of drinking water; temperature; ventilation; rest rooms; toilet facili ties; room dimensions and space; cleanliness; condition of floors and traffic routes. The School Premises (England) Regulations 2012 apply to all maintained schools in England, and came into effect in October 2012. This legislation works in conjunction with the Workplace Regulations, but applies specifically to school standards, which are often more stringent i.e. the provision of a medical room for pupils, or a lower maximum temperature for hand washing in children’s toilet facilities. To protect children and young people from harm on the premises, the school should consider the following: †¢Safety of the indoor and outdoor play equipment, including water and sand play. †¢Safety in the school kitchen, including the storage, preparation and cooking of food. †¢Fire safety, including maintaining clearly marked exit routes and doors. †¢Appropriately sized furniture and equipment for the children. †¢Safe storage of hazardous materials under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002. †¢Appropriate adult-child ratios at all times. †¢First aid training for staff, with sufficient numbers of first aid trained staff on the premises at all times. †¢Safety in the dining hall, including hot food, spillages, choking risks etc. †¢Vigilance in challenging unidentified adults. †¢Procedures for cleaning up bodily fluids, vomit or faeces. †¢Internet safety. †¢Hand washing facilities and practices. †¢Adaptations where necessary for children with special needs or disabilities. †¢Safety of outdoor play areas, including access, space and floor surfacing. †¢Safe storage and supervision of medicines. †¢Implementation of procedures for children and staff with illnesses, i.e. remaining away from school for 48 hours after sickness or diarrhoea. †¢A  nominated person for asbestos and legionella competency. †¢Tidiness and safety of traffic routes around the premises. Off-site educational visits have additional issues that could affect children’s safety. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 requires full risk assessments to be carried out prior to a visit. Employers must assess the risks of activities, plan measures to control the risks and inform employees of the measures. Staff must follow school and Local Authority regulations, policies and guidance, which include: evidence of parental permission; emergency procedures; first aid kit and trained staff; appropriate clothing and equipment; qualified staff for activities; adult to children ratios; special educational or medical needs of the children; approval of volunteers (including DBS checks); age and competence of the pupils and transport arrangements. Health and Safety arrangements also require members of staff to keep colleagues/senior staff aware of their whereabouts and movements. †¢Risk assessments. It is a legal requirement for all employers to carry out risk assessments. Risk assessments are a formal examination of things that could cause harm to people. The Health and Safety Executive guidance sets out a simple Five Steps to Risk Assessment: Step 1: Look for the hazards and risks. A hazard is something that can cause harm. A risk is the likelihood of harm together with the consequences should it take place. Step 2: Decide who could be harmed and how. Step 3: It is necessary to differentiate between hazards and risks and then to prioritise them, dealing with the most serious risks first. Decide whether the existing precautions are sufficient. If not, decide what other precautions should be introduced and ensure that they are put in place. Step 4: Record your actions and findings. Step 5: Review the assessment at regular intervals, or if circumstances  change, and revise if necessary. Risk assessments should be used within the school setting e.g. for a new climbing frame or for outdoor water play, and also for off-site visits regardless of their duration. The head teacher is usually responsible for risk assessments and should sign and date them after they are completed. If existing precautions are not satisfactory, then activities may have to be restricted or stopped until changes are made. Changes may involve staff training or additional equipment. Risk assessments will also need to be carried out for individuals with special needs or disabilities and specialists may come to the school to carry them out. Other individuals may require a risk assessment in certain circumstances, i.e. a pupil on crutches or temporarily in a wheelchair. Ofsted inspectors would expect risk assessments to be available as part of their inspections. Risk assessments should form part of a school’s management processes and help to formalise working practices and arrangements. They are a valuable tool for identifying problems and potential problems, monitoring situations and ensuring precautions are taken to keep children and adults safe from harm.

Education: A Mother’s Struggle For A Child

In â€Å"Kaffir Boy†, Mark â€Å"Johannes† Mathabane†s mother strives to send him to school. She does not let anything get in the way of her ambition. Even though her husband disapproves, she will not let anything get in her way, but now her desires for her son to be educated are stronger. Her courage speaks louder than the consequences she will face with her husband. It seems as though her husband is dealing with a great amount of jealously. A jealously that will decipher Johannes†s decision about school. â€Å"Did you hear what that woman said!† â€Å"Do you want the same to happen to you?† A statement and question raised by his mother to show Johannes the importance of an education. â€Å"They finally did. But what a battle it was, it took me nearly a year to get all them papers together.† Since it took his mother so long to get everything together there was no way she was going to let everything she worked so hard for go down the drain. Even though Johannes†s mother and father were from different tribes, that did not stop her from putting her son in school. â€Å"Your father and I fought today because I took you to school this morning.† Johannes†s mother expresses her courage throughout the story. â€Å"He had told me not to, and when I told him that I had, he became very upset. He was drunk. We started arguing, and one thing let to another.† She shows her courage by disobeying her husband†s orders. Unlike her husband, she wants Johannes to have a future and getting an education is the only way for a future. Being beaten was the consequence of disobeying her husband, but the beating how no effect for Johannes†s mother wanted to see her son succeed in the world. Johannes†s father seems to be jealous that his own son may have a chance to be educated. He says, â€Å"he doesn†t have money to wasted paying for you to get what he calls an useless white man†s education.† It seems that he does not understand that school will keep Johannes off the streets. He, himself being uneducated seems to be the result of not comprehending how valuable an education is. Johannes is extremely upset with his father because he beat his mother, and is also upset since his own father does not want him to be educated. Johannes sees school differently after he learns that his mother has always wanted to go to school. Also, her courage and ambition out weighs his father†s jealously. Johannes makes a decision that will forever affect him. After, he realizes all the trouble and hard work his mother went through, he promises his mother that he will forever go to school.

The ultimate irony Essay Example

The ultimate irony Essay Example The ultimate irony Paper The ultimate irony Paper In the first line of the poem, it can be seen that Duffy portrays Mrs Fraud as being a very assertive and outspoken speaker, through the opening word Ladies. This shows Mrs Freud to be a very authoritative woman who demands respect, as she is able to address all the women at the rally at the same time. When one considers the level of authority and respect that Sigmund Freud himself gained through the popularity of his theories and findings, it can be assumed that Duffy intentionally portrays Mrs Freud in this manner to show that she too has her own respectable identity outside the marriage like her husband. The pause after the word also presents Mrs Freud as a calm and rather mature individual, suggesting that she is far older and more experienced than the audience of women that she is addressing. As one reads the poem further, it can be seen that Duffy through Mrs Freud, mocks and criticizes both male sexuality and Freud himself in a very humorous manner, thus effectively killing two birds with one stone. This is seen through Duffys employment of colloquial words such as the night crawler and pork sword, in reference to the various nicknames men give their penises, throughout the entirety of the poem. This in combination with the poems structure being in the form of a sonnet, and Duffys clever use of alliteration and assonance through other words such as the dick, prick, dipstick and wick, gives the poem the feel of a nursery school rhyme, whilst also emphasizing the comical attitude that Mrs Freud maintains throughout her presentation. It can also be said that this contrasts the original suggestion of Mrs Freud as a mature individual, however , some critics argue that her attitude merely reflects her own opinion and view of men, and the way in which they express their sexuality, her husband not being any different. The last few lines of the poem can be said to be very effective in portraying the ferocity at which Mrs Freud has scathingly attacked the subject of male sexuality, leaving very little room for sympathy. The use of the word penis near the end of the poem, and Mrs Freuds description of it as average and not pretty, can be said to show Mrs Fraud as getting to the heart of the issue, whilst at the same time, this clearly illustrates her as having stripped masculinity and her husband of their somewhat tough layers. The later personification of the penis as having an envious solitary eye and the following words ones feeling of pity, is a twist on Freuds penis envy theory, something that according to Mary Greens York Notes Advanced (2007), a feminist would say Duffy does cleverly. This theory states that adolescent girls are envious of men due to them having a penis, and the use of the metaphor envious solitary eye, suggests that it is rather men who are envious of women, and the second quote implies that Mrs Freud herself, pities her husband and all other men who believe otherwise. Bibliography Peter Cash,2002, Carol Ann Duffy: The ultimate irony is that Midas possessed a magic touch all along: namely, the physical touch which had the power to transform her into a loving wife, www. le. ac. uk/engassoc/publications/bookmarks/58. pdf Mary Green, 2007, York Notes Advanced  (www.yorknotes.com).

The Validity of Perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Validity of Perception - Essay Example This is because perceptions that are deep habitually draw attention. Organization of what people perceive is paramount in the creation of reality. This is because the selected information should be arranged in a way which is meaningful so as to make sense to the world. Interpretation and negotiations are necessary to realize a reality in what people perceive. In regard to the video under scrutiny by Scott, the report considers a murder that took place in Lynwood, California where a father was advising the kids on how to get home and do their homework instead of horsing around. A car appeared, and the father got shot from the passenger sit of the approaching vehicle. Investigation kicked off, and the first suspect, Francisco Carrillo who lived in the neighborhood was to answer murder charges. According to the kids in the video by Scott, the person appearing in the photo looked similar to the person who had shot their father from the vehicle, which ironically was moving too fast to ide ntify the people who were in the vehicle. The suspect underwent conviction and sentenced to life imprisonment, just because the kids had said that the person was the one who shot their father. In the investigation, no guns are in the area, the vehicle which the shooter uses to stretch his arm also goes missing. This also applies to the driver who drove the vehicle that was in use by the shooter. Discussion The reading according to Adler, Ronald, Lawrence, and Russell (42) is in a rhetorical condition whereby, the author uses rhetorical question to bring out the argument in the case. Some of the rhetorical questions include; â€Å"so what is wrong?† this question makes the reader continue reading and answer the question. This structure of using rhetorical questions is necessary to make sure that the reader can relate the events in the case. This is because a rhetorical question does not have an exact answer; rather the author uses the questions to help the reader perceive the seriousness. A question like â€Å"Mr. Carrillo’s alibi?† makes the reader what to know more about the person. The author does not answer the question; rather the author leaves the readers to answer for themselves. This writing style helps to send the message in the reading since the reader plays a significant role in filling the blanks left by the rhetorical questions. Apart from the use of rhetorical questions, there is the use of rhetorical figures such as Folsom Prison to explain the lock up situation of the suspected shooter since the evidence brought before the judge is not concrete enough to put the suspect to prison. Perception The perception is a process which affects the communication with others according to the reading. In the earlier introduction regarding to perception, there are two define classes, the first order and second order. Influence on perception Perception, which involves the selection, organization, interpretation and negotiation of informatio n, is under the influence of many factors. Psychological influences in regard to the study works of Adler, Ronald, Lawrence, and Russell (41) arise from the physical environment and the difference of one’s body to that of another person. Interpersonal relationships arise from the differences in the way people receive sensory information. Developmental differences shape perceptions since age gives allowance for a vast scope and much experience. The relation